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Objective To observe the effect of combining virtual reality technology with occupational thera-py in treating children with spastic hemiplegia resulting from cerebral palsy. Methods Thirty-eight spastic and hemiplegic children with cerebral palsy were randomly divided into a treatment group ( n=18) and a control group ( n=20) . Both groups received occupational therapy, while the treatment group was additionally provided with virtual reality-based treatment. The sessions lasted 30 min, 6 times a week for 3 months. Before and after the treatment the upper extremity motor function of both groups was assessed using the fine motor quotients of the Peabody developmen-tal motor scale, the Caroll hand function scale and a activities of daily life scale. Results Before the treatment there was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of any of the measurements. After the 3 months, significant improvement was observed in both groups, but the improvement of the treatment group was significantly greater than that of the control group. Conclusion Virtual reality technology can further improve the motor function of the upper ex-tremities and ability in the activities of daily life beyond that achievable through occupational therapy alone.
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Objective To observe the effect of early cognitive and speech intervention on children with developmental delay. Methods 58 inpatient or outpatient children with developmental delay from June, 2014 to June, 2015 were diveded into observation group (n=32) and control group (n=26). The observation group accepted early cognitive and speech therapy and routine rehabilitation training, while the con-trol group accepted the routine rehabilitation only. They were assessed with Gesell Development Schedule before and 3 months after treat-ment. Results The developmental quotient of the gross movement, fine movement, language and peasonal-social improved in both groups af-ter treatment (t>2.90, P2.84, P36.52, P<0.01). Conclusion Early cognitive and speech intervention may improve development of many dimensions in children with developmental delay. The earlier the intervention, the better the outcome.
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Objective To explore the characteristics of visual P300 event-related potentials (ERP) in children with mental retardation and evaluate the correlations between visual P300 in event-related potentials and intelligent quotient.Methods Thirty children with mental retardation were selected as the test group who were inpatients or saw a doctor in the Department of Rehabilitation of Hunan Children Hospital.At the same time,thirty normal children were selected as the control group who saw a doctor in the Department of Child Healthcare of Hunan Children Hospital.Two groups had no statistically significant difference in sex and age (P ＞ 0.05) and were comparable.All children were administered with the Wechsler intelligence test in the Department of Child Healthcare and the visual event-related potential test in the Department of Rehabilitation.The results of the visual P300 latency and amplitude were analyzed.Another,the relevance between intelligent quotient (IQ) and P300 latency and amplitude were also compared by statistics.Results Compared to the control group,the visual P300 latency in children with mental retardation (MR) was apparently longer and the amplitude decreased significantly in children with MR,with a statistically significant difference between two groups(P ＜0.05).P300 latency in MR expected negative correlation with intelligent quotient and the amplitude in MR expected no correlation with intelligent quotient.Conclusions P300 latency and amplitude of ERP could objectively reflect cognitive function in children with MR,could be regarded as one of the objective measurement in the evaluation of cognitive function in children with MR.It can be used as an objective electrophysiological index for assisting in the diagnosis of mental retardation of children in clinic.
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Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a non-invasive and painless assessment and therapeutic technique applied in neu-rology, which plays an important role in diagnosis, evaluation, detection and treatment of children with brain function disorder. This paper re-viewed the basic principle, safety, problems of TMS, and the basic and clinical studies of TMS for the children with brain function disorder.
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Objective To compare the differences of electrical activity in calf muscle of children with growing pains from normal chil-dren when standing and heel raising. Methods 32 children with growing pains and foot pronation were as growing pains group, and 32 nor-mal children as control group. All the children were measure with surface electromyography (sEMG) of tibialis anterior, peroneus longus, medial gastrocnemius and tibialis posterior when standing and heel raising. Results The root mean square (RMS) of peroneus longus in-creased significantly in growing pains group when standing (P<0.01). The RMS decreased significantly in medial gastrocnemius (P<0.05) and increased significantly in tibialis posterior (P<0.01) when heel raising. Conclusion The characteristics of electrical activity in calf mus-cle is difference from the normal in the growing pains children with foot pronation during standing and heel raising.
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@#Objective To compare the differences of electrical activity in calf muscle of children with growing pains from normal children when standing and heel raising. Methods 32 children with growing pains and foot pronation were as growing pains group, and 32 normal children as control group. All the children were measure with surface electromyography (sEMG) of tibialis anterior, peroneus longus, medial gastrocnemius and tibialis posterior when standing and heel raising. Results The root mean square (RMS) of peroneus longus increased significantly in growing pains group when standing (P<0.01). The RMS decreased significantly in medial gastrocnemius (P<0.05) and increased significantly in tibialis posterior (P<0.01) when heel raising. Conclusion The characteristics of electrical activity in calf muscle is difference from the normal in the growing pains children with foot pronation during standing and heel raising.
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@#Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a non-invasive and painless assessment and therapeutic technique applied in neurology, which plays an important role in diagnosis, evaluation, detection and treatment of children with brain function disorder. This paper reviewed the basic principle, safety, problems of TMS, and the basic and clinical studies of TMS for the children with brain function disorder.
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Objective To study the effects of core control training on gross motor function of children with spastic cerebral palsy. Meth-ods 60 children with spastic cerebral palsy were divided into control group (n=30) and treatment group (n=30). The control group accepted routine comprehensive rehabilitation therapy including physical therapy, acupuncture, electrotherapy, etc., while the treatment group accept-ed the core control training in addition. They were assessed with the Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM-88) and the Trunk Control Test (TCT) before and 3 months after rehabilitation. Results Both groups improved in the scores of GMFM-88 and TCT after treatment (P<0.001), and improved more in the treatment group than in the control group (P<0.001). Conclusion The core control training can strengthen the trunk control and further improve the gross motor function in children with spastic cerebral palsy.
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@#Objective To discuss the differences of the types of cerebral palsy and the comorbidity between premature and full-term infants. Methods 233 children with cerebral palsy were divided into premature group (n=98) and full-term group (n=125). The types of cerebral palsy and the complications were analyzed. Results The high risk factors were low birth weight, jaundice, asphyxia, intracranial hemorrhage and cord around neck in sequence in the premature group, and were asphyxia, jaundice, fetal distress, intracranial hemorrhage and intrauterine infection in sequence in the full-term group. Besides auditory handicap. The frequency of spastic diplegia was higher in the premature group than in the full-term group (P<0.001), and the incidence of spastic hemiplegia was higher in the full-term group than in the premature group (P<0.01). There was no significant difference in dysgnosia, epilepsy and visual disturbance (P>0.05), but auditory handicap (P<0.05) between 2 groups. Conclusion The main clinical types of premature and full-term children with cerebral palsy were spastic diplegia and spastic hemiplegia respectively. The prevalence of auditory handicap was higher in preterm children
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@# Objective To evaluate the effect of Botulinum Toxin A (BTX-A) on spastic diplegia by surface electromyography (sEMG). Methods 50 children with cerebral palsy following spastic diplegia were recruited and injected with BTX-A in triceps surae. They were assessed with the clinical test and the sEMG before and after the treatment. Results After the treatment, the integrated electromyography(iEMG) of triceps surae and foot dorsiflexion angle all decreased. Conclusion sEMG is an objective tool to assess the change of spasticity in children with diplegia after BTX-A injection.
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@#Objective To observe the effects of electromyographic biofeedback electric stimulation therapy on lower extremities motordysfunction in children with spastic hemiplegic cerebral palsy (CP). Methods According to the consent of the custodians to the new therapy,60 children with spastic hemiplegic CP were divided into treatment group and control group with 30 cases in each group. All children weretreated with motor training, physical therapy and wore the ankle-foot orthosis (AFO). The treatment group was received electromyographicbiofeedback electric stimulation therapy on their lower extremity additionally. Composite Spasticity Scale (CSS) of the hemiplegic lower extremities,the ankle angle of passive dorsiflexion motion, D and E domains of Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM-88) were performedto comparatively evaluate the effects before and 12 weeks after treatment. Results The outcomes were improved compared with the ones ofpre-treatment (P<0.05), and improved more in the treatment group (P<0.05). Conclusion The electromyographic biofeedback stimulationtherapy in combination with rehabilitation functional training in the treatment for children with spastic hemiplegic CP is more effective onspasticity of the lower extremity, increasing the range of ankle motion, improving gross motor function of lower extremities.
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@#Objective To investigate the methods and effectiveness of the physical therapy team management mode.MethodsAccording to the type of cerebral palsy and a certain ratio of beds and staff, the therapists were divided into 3 groups, and relatively fixed. They treated children with differrent types of CP and different beds by turn. The implementation of treatment was 3 years.ResultsAfter the physical therapy team management mode was executed, the therapist's theoretical knowledge and technical skill were upgraded, patient satisfaction raised, and the occurrence of accidental injury reduced.ConclusionThe physical therapy team management mode is conducive to standardize therapist behavior, improve the capacity of theory and practice of therapists and promote patient recovery.
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@#ObjectiveTo evaluate the effect of electromyography biofeedback on motor function in children with spastic hemiplegia. Methods40 children with spastic hemiplegia were divided into control group (n=20) and treatment group (n=20). Both groups received comprehensive rehabilitation treatment. The treatment group received electromyography biofeedback in addition. They were assessed with Gross Motor Functional Measure (GMFM-88) in D and E items before and after treatment. ResultsThe scores of GMFM-88 in both D and E items were significantly different (P<0.01) before and after treatment in both groups, and significantly different between the treatment group and control group (P<0.05) after treatment. ConclusionElectromyography biofeedback can improve the motor capacity in children with spastic hemiplegia.
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@#ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) on salivated children with cerebral palsy. Methods43 salivated children with cerebral palsy were divided into NMES group (n=22) and control group (n=21). Both groups accepted the same routine treatment, while the NMES group was given the NMES in addition. All the children were evaluated before and 8 weeks after treatment with teacher drooling sizing (TDS). ResultsThe TDS of NMES group was significantly different with that of the control group (P<0.05) after treatment. ConclusionNMES can decrease the salivation in children with cerebral palsy, and promote their swallowing function.
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@# ObjectiveTo investigate the correlation between the Gesell Developmental Scale and the Peabody Developmental Motor Scale-2(PDMS-2) in children with zentrale koordination storung(ZKS).Methods657 children with ZKS, aged 3 to 8 months, administered both the Gesell Developmental Scales and the PDMS-2. The correlation coefficients of the Gesell gross motor developmental age and the PDMS-2 gross motor subscale age-equivalent scores, the Gesell fine motor developmental age and the PDMS-2 fine motor subscale age-equivalent scores, the Gesell gross motor Developmental Quotient(G-GMDQ) and the PDMS-2 Gross Motor Quotient (P-GMDQ), the Gesell fine motor DQ(G-FMDQ) and the PDMS-2 Fine Motor Quotient(P-FMDQ) was compared by the Spearman rank correlation coefficient.ResultsThe correlation coefficients of the Gesell motor developmental age and the PDMS-2 motor subscale age-equivalent scores were 0.755 to 0.845(P<0.01). The correlation coefficients of G-GMDQ and P-GMDQ, G-FMDQ and P-FMDQ were 0.645 and 0.677(P<0.01) respectively.ConclusionThe concurrent validity were high correlation between the PDMS-2 gross motor subscale age-equivalent scores and the Gesell gross motor developmental age, the PDMS-2 fine motor subscale age-equivalent scores and the Gesell fine motor developmental age, and P-FMDQ and the G-FMDQ. The concurrent validity was moderate correlation between P-GMDQ and G-GMDQ.
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@#ObjectiveTo study the effects of botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) injection combined with functional training on the tiptoe deformation and gross motor function in children with spastic cerebral palsy (SCP). Methods60 SCP children with tiptoe deformation whose family consented to inject BTX-A were as treatment group and treated with BTX-A combined with function training, while other 46 SCP children as control group were only treated with functional training. They were assessed with Composite Spasticity Scale (CSS), the angle of ankle passive dorsiflexion motion and D and E domains of Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM) before and 1 week, and 3 months after treatment. ResultsThe effect of BTX-A began from 24 to 72 h after injection, reached the peak from 1 to 2 weeks, maintained beyond 3 months with few side effects. There were significant differences between 2 groups in the outcome of CSS,the angle and the standing and walking value (GMFM) 1 week and 3 months after treatment (P<0.01). ConclusionBTX-A combined with functional training is more effective on reducing spasticity of the lower extremity, correcting the tiptoe deformation, increasing the range of ankle motion, improving gross motor function.
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@#ObjectiveTo explore the effects of Botulinum toxin type A （BTX-A） on upper extremities function of children with spastic cerebral palsy. Methods27 children with spastic cerebral palsy who were treated with comprehensive rehabilitation training and BTX-A were arranged as treatment group, and other 30 children who were treated with comprehensive rehabilitation training only as control group. They were assessed with upper extremities functional test (UEFT) before and after treatment. ResultsAfter 3 months of treatment, the scores of UEFT improved more in the treatment group than in the control group (P<0.01). ConclusionBTX-A can improve upper extremities function of the children with spastic cerebral palsy.
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@#Objective To observe the effect of the body weight support training (BWST) on walking ability of children with cerebral palsy (CP). Methods 50 children with CP were divided into the BWST group （n=30） and control group（n=20）. All cases were treated with physical therapy, but the BWST group were added with BWST. The scores of D and E dimensions of the Gross Motor Function Measure Scale (GMFM) were used to assess the walking ability before and after the treatment, respectively. Results The scores of D and E dimensions of GMFM improved in both groups after treatment (P<0.01), and that of the BWST group improved more than control group （P＜0.05）. Conclusion BWST can facilitate the recovery of the walking ability after cerebral palsy.
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@#: Objective To evaluate the value of rehabilitation direction for the treatment of the children with spastic cerebral palsy. Methods 116 children with spastic cerebral palsy were investigated. 56 children who accepted rehabilitation direction and training in family participated in study group and 60 children who wouldn't accept rehabilitation direction participated in control group. All the children received comprehensive rehabilitation treatment in hospital, including physical therapy, acupuncture, low frequency electrotherapy and occupational therapy. All the children were assessed with Gross Motor Function Measure-88 (GMFM) before and 3 months after treatment. Results There was a significant difference before and after treatment in scores of GMFM in each dimension and total in both groups (P<0.01), and the treatment group improved more than control group(P<0.05). Conclusion Rehabilitation direction can facilitate the recovery of spastic cerebral palsy children.
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Objective To examine the concurrent validity of Peabody'S developmental motor scale number 2(PDMS-2)and Gesell's developmental scales with 1 2 to 30 month-old children with cerebral palsy (CP)and to assess the value of PDMS-2 in measuring motor function in children with CP.Methods Eighty-four children with CP aged 12 to 30 months were assessed with both PDMS-2 and Gesell's developmental scales.The correlation between PDMS-2 gross motor quotients and Gesell gross motor developmental quotients,and be-tween PDMS-2 fine motor quotients and Gesell fine motor developmental quotients were compared using Spearman rank correlation coefficients. Results The correlation coefficient between PDMS-2 gross motor quo-tient and the Gesell gross motor developmental quotient was 0.89.Between PDMS-2 fine motor quotient and Gesell's fine motor developmental quotient it was 0.87.The concurrent validities were 0.28 and 0.42 respec-tively. Conclusion PDMS-2 gross motor quotient and Gesell's gross motor developmental quotient are highly correlated,as are PDM S-2 fine motor quotient and Gesell's fine motor developmental quotient.The concurrent validities were between classifications using the PDMS-2 gross motor quotient and Gesell's gross motor develop- mental quotient were weakly correlated,but there was moderate correlation between PDM S-2 fine motor quotientsand Gesell fine gross developmental quotients.There may be limitations in assessing motor function children aged12 to 30 months with cerebral palsy using PDMS-2.